Polity Atlas
02 · Living Atlas · Catalogue

Institutional experiments

Every case with its status, legal standing and the mechanisms it uses. Sort any column; export what you see.

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Institutional experiments
NameTypeLocationSinceStatusLegal statusKey mechanisms
Oregon Citizens' Initiative Review (since 2010)Deliberative / sortitionReference point: Salem, seat of the Oregon state government2010OperatingRecognised
Oneida CommunityHybridApproximate: Oneida Community Mansion House area, Kenwood, near Oneida, New York1848Closed / failedRecognised
OGAS: the Soviet national automated management networkState-administered zoneSoviet Union (Moscow, Kyiv)1962Closed / failedNot applicable
Off-world settlement governance proposals (Mars)Charter / proprietary governanceOuter space (Mars)2015Network polityNot applicable
New Harmony (Owenite community)HybridTown of New Harmony, Posey County, Indiana1825Closed / failedRecognised
Mondragon cooperativesCooperativeBasque Country, Spain1956OperatingRecognised
Mill's plural votingRepresentativeOnline1861Network polityNot applicable
MetagovHybridOnline2020Network polityNot applicable
MetaDAO (futarchy on Solana)On-chain / algorithmicOnline (Solana)2023Network polityNot applicable
Marinaleda (Andalusia, Spain)ParticipatoryReference point: Marinaleda town centre1979OperatingRecognised
LiberlandHybridGornja Siga (approximate)2015ContestedUnrecognised
Legislature by lotHybridOnline2018Network polityNot applicable
Landsgemeinde of GlarusDirect democracyGlarus, Switzerland1387OperatingRecognised
Kleros (decentralised court)On-chain / algorithmicOnline (Ethereum, Arbitrum)2018Network polityNot applicable
Kerala People's Plan CampaignParticipatoryStatewide; marker at Thiruvananthapuram1996OperatingRecognised
Italian Regency of Carnaro (Fiume)HybridRijeka (Fiume), the Regency's seat1919Closed / failedUnrecognised
Israeli kibbutz movementDirect democracyApproximate reference point: Degania Alef, the first kibbutz; kibbutzim are spread across Israel1910OperatingRecognised
Ireland Citizens' Assembly (2016–2018)Deliberative / sortitionDublin area2016Closed / failedRecognised
Icelandic Commonwealth (Þjóðveldið)HybridReference point: Þingvellir, site of the Althing930Closed / failedNot applicable
Iceland crowdsourced constitutionParticipatoryReykjavík2011Closed / failedRecognised
Icarian communities (Étienne Cabet)Direct democracyNauvoo, Illinois, the main colony. Other sites: Denton County, Texas (1848); Cheltenham, Missouri; near Corning, Iowa; near Cloverdale, California1848Closed / failedRecognised
Hutterite coloniesHybridApproximate: Bon Homme Colony, Bon Homme County, South Dakota, the first colony in North America (1874). Most colonies today are in the Canadian prairie provinces1528OperatingRecognised
Haudenosaunee Confederacy (Iroquois League)Consensus / assemblyApproximate: Onondaga Nation territory near Syracuse, New York, where the Grand Council fire is kept; member communities also lie in Canada1600OperatingNot applicable
Gross National Happiness (Bhutan)State-administered zoneReference point: Thimphu, capital of Bhutan1972OperatingRecognised
Global citizens' assembly (proposed permanent body)Deliberative / sortitionGlobal2021Network polityNot applicable
Gitcoin quadratic fundingOn-chain / algorithmicOnline2019Network polityNot applicable
G1000 Citizens' Summit (Belgium, 2011)Deliberative / sortitionApproximate reference point: Tour & Taxis, Brussels, where the summit was held2011Closed / failedUnrecognised
French Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019–2021)Deliberative / sortitionReference point: Palais d'Iéna, Paris, seat of the CESE where the convention met2019Closed / failedRecognised
Freetown ChristianiaConsensus / assemblyCopenhagen, Denmark1971OperatingRecognised
Free Territory (Makhnovshchina), UkraineHybridReference point: Huliaipole, the movement's centre; the controlled area shifted repeatedly and had no fixed border1918Closed / failedUnrecognised
Evergreen Cooperatives (Cleveland, Ohio)CooperativeReference point: University Circle; the businesses sit in neighbouring areas such as Glenville and Collinwood2008OperatingRecognised
Estonian Internet voting (i-voting, since 2005)Digital state serviceReference point: Tallinn, seat of the State Electoral Office2005OperatingRecognised
Estonia e-ResidencyDigital state serviceReference point: Tallinn, where the programme is administered2014Network polityRecognised
EpistocracyRepresentativeOnline2016Network polityNot applicable
Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)State-administered zoneDubai, United Arab Emirates2004OperatingRecognised
DistributismCooperativeOnline1912Network polityNot applicable
DemarchyDeliberative / sortitionOnline1985Network polityNot applicable
Decidim BarcelonaParticipatoryCatalonia, Spain2016OperatingRecognised
Decide Madrid and the Consul software (since 2015)ParticipatoryReference point: Madrid city centre2015OperatingRecognised
Cosmopolitan democracyHybridOnline1995Network polityNot applicable
CityDAOOn-chain / algorithmicPark County, Wyoming (approximate location of land parcel)2021Network polityRecognised
Champlain Housing TrustRepresentativeVermont, United States1984OperatingRecognised
Brook FarmCooperativeApproximate: West Roxbury, now part of Boston, Massachusetts1841Closed / failedRecognised
British Columbia Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (2004)Deliberative / sortitionReference point: Victoria, seat of the Legislative Assembly; the process covered the whole province2004Closed / failedRecognised
Better Reykjavik (Betri Reykjavík, since 2010)ParticipatoryReference point: Reykjavik2010OperatingRecognised
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava)ParticipatoryReference point: Qamishli, the administrative centre of the Jazira canton2012Closed / failedUnrecognised
AurovilleConsensus / assemblyTamil Nadu, India1968OperatingRecognised
Athenian democracy (Classical Athens)Direct democracyReference point: the Acropolis of Athens; the polity governed the whole of Attica509 BCClosed / failedNot applicable
Albania's AI 'minister' DiellaState-administered zoneReference point: Tirana, seat of the Albanian government2025ContestedContested
Alaska Permanent Fund DividendRepresentativeJuneau (state capital)1982OperatingRecognised
Showing 79 cases · statuses are editor-verified