The principle that indigenous peoples must be consulted in good faith, with full information and without coercion, and their consent obtained before measures affecting their lands, resources or rights are adopted.
In more detail
The principle appears in several articles of the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, including on relocation, legislation and development projects, and in ILO Convention 169 in the weaker form of consultation. Its legal force is disputed: states often interpret it as a duty to consult rather than a veto. Conflicts over mining, dams, pipelines and wind farms on indigenous land frequently turn on whether consent was properly sought.