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Sorted by relevance- ExperimentAlaska Permanent Fund DividendAn annual cash dividend paid to eligible Alaska residents since 1982 from the earnings of the state's oil-funded Permanent Fund.
- ExperimentAlbania's AI 'minister' DiellaAn AI system launched in January 2025 as the e-Albania virtual assistant. In September 2025 the government presented it as a 'virtual minister' for public procurement; its legal status is disputed and the Constitutional…
- ExperimentAthenian democracy (Classical Athens)The direct democracy of Classical Athens, c. 508/7–322 BCE: an Assembly open to male citizens, a Council of 500 and many offices filled by lot, large lot-selected people's courts and ostracism. Women, slaves and resident…
- ExperimentAurovilleAn intentional township founded in 1968 near Puducherry in Tamil Nadu, India, intended as a 'universal town' for people of all nations.
- ExperimentAutonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava)Kurdish-led self-administration in north-eastern Syria, de facto autonomous from 2012 and organised on 'democratic confederalism'. Its autonomy was never recognised by Damascus; the dissolution of the SDF and integration…
- ExperimentBetter Reykjavik (Betri Reykjavík, since 2010)An online platform where residents propose, argue and rank ideas; since 2011 the highest-ranked ideas are sent monthly to Reykjavik city council committees, which must process and answer them.
- ExperimentBritish Columbia Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (2004)A 160-member randomly selected assembly, plus a chair, that studied electoral systems in 2004 and recommended BC-STV. Two referendums followed; neither reached the legislated thresholds.
- ExperimentBrook FarmA communal farm and school at West Roxbury, Massachusetts (1841–1847), founded by George Ripley with transcendentalist ideals as a joint-stock company and converted in 1844 to a Fourierist association. Debt and a fire en…
- ExperimentChamplain Housing TrustA community land trust in Burlington, Vermont, that began in 1984 and keeps homes affordable through resale restrictions.
- ExperimentCityDAOA DAO organised as a Wyoming DAO LLC in 2021 that acquired land in Wyoming and governs it through token-holder votes.
- ExperimentCosmopolitan democracyA model of global democracy associated with David Held and Daniele Archibugi (1995) that adds regional and global democratic institutions, notably a world parliamentary assembly, without abolishing states. Only campaigns…
- ExperimentDecide Madrid and the Consul software (since 2015)Madrid City Council's online participation platform, launched in 2015, combining proposals, debates, polls and participatory budgeting. Its open-source software, Consul, is reused by many other public bodies.
- ExperimentDecidim BarcelonaBarcelona City Council's open-source participation platform, launched in 2016 and now used by many public bodies.
- ExperimentDemarchyJohn Burnheim's 1985 proposal to replace elections and multi-purpose territorial states with many specialised functional bodies whose members are chosen by lot from those affected. Never implemented.
- ExperimentDistributismAn economic and social programme developed by G. K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, drawing on Catholic social teaching, that would spread productive property widely among families and small enterprises. No state has adop…
- ExperimentDubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)A financial free zone established in 2004 with its own civil and commercial laws and English-language common-law courts, inside the civil-law UAE.
- ExperimentEpistocracyDistribution of political power by competence or knowledge. Jason Brennan's Against Democracy (2016) argues for epistocratic options such as weighted voting by tested political knowledge. A theoretical proposal.
- ExperimentEstonia e-ResidencyA government-issued digital identity that lets non-residents use Estonian e-services, such as founding and running a company online.
- ExperimentEstonian Internet voting (i-voting, since 2005)Remote online voting for binding elections, offered nationwide in Estonia since the 2005 local elections; in 2023 just over half of participating voters cast their ballot online. Its security remains debated.
- ExperimentEvergreen Cooperatives (Cleveland, Ohio)Network of worker-owned businesses set up from 2008–09 in Cleveland's Greater University Circle with hospital and university anchor institutions as customers, aiming to build equity for low-income residents.
- ExperimentFree Territory (Makhnovshchina), UkraineAn anarchist-influenced peasant movement around Huliaipole, southern Ukraine, led by Nestor Makhno. Between late 1918 and 1921 it held territory, backed local soviets, communes and regional congresses, and fought Whites,…
- ExperimentFreetown ChristianiaA self-governing neighbourhood in Copenhagen founded in 1971 in former military barracks, with decisions taken by consensus in common meetings.
- ExperimentFrench Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019–2021)A 150-member randomly selected convention that proposed measures to cut French greenhouse emissions by at least 40% by 2030. The government adopted many proposals in full or part, but not all, and no referendum followed.
- ExperimentG1000 Citizens' Summit (Belgium, 2011)A citizen-initiated summit held on 11 November 2011 in Brussels during Belgium's long government formation, bringing together about a thousand citizens to deliberate; it later inspired Belgian permanent citizen bodies.
- ExperimentGitcoin quadratic fundingRounds of quadratic funding run by Gitcoin since 2019 to match small donations to open-source and public-goods projects.
- ExperimentGlobal citizens' assembly (proposed permanent body)Proposals for a standing, lottery-selected assembly representing the world's population. The 2021 Global Assembly, held around COP26, was the first pilot; a permanent Global Citizens' Assembly has been under construction…
- ExperimentGross National Happiness (Bhutan)Bhutan's development philosophy, credited to King Jigme Singye Wangchuck in 1972, holding that policy should pursue collective happiness rather than output alone. Named in the 2008 constitution and measured by a nine-dom…
- ExperimentHaudenosaunee Confederacy (Iroquois League)A confederacy of Native nations governed under the Great Law of Peace by a Grand Council of chiefs selected by clan mothers. Its founding date is debated; the Confederacy and its council continue today.
- ExperimentHutterite coloniesCommunal Anabaptist farming colonies (Bruderhöfe) holding all property in common, with a community of goods traditionally dated to 1528. They operate across the Canadian prairies and the northern United States.
- ExperimentIcarian communities (Étienne Cabet)Communist colonies founded from 1848 by followers of Étienne Cabet, author of Voyage en Icarie, in Texas, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa and California. The last, near Corning, Iowa, dissolved by agreement in 1898.