The use of feedback, information flows and models from cybernetics to steer organisations or economies. Chile's Project Cybersyn (1971-73) is the best-known attempt to apply the idea to a national economy.
In more detail
Stafford Beer's ‘Liberty Machine’, from which Cybersyn grew, aimed at near real-time information sharing to speed decisions and avoid bureaucratic protocols. In Chile it became a telex network, statistical software, a simulator and an operations room, of which only prototypes existed by the 1973 coup. Critics note that monitoring cannot settle political conflict and that models can be top down. It is often cited as an early precursor of data-driven governance.