Managing an economy or state as a feedback-controlled system, using computers and data networks to collect information, model outcomes and adjust decisions in near real time.
In more detail
Soviet economic cybernetics produced Viktor Glushkov's OGAS proposal in the 1960s, which was never built. Chile's Project Cybersyn (1971–1973) tried a more decentralised version, with factory data sent to a central operations room. It was never completely implemented and ended with the 1973 coup. The idea recurs in debates about AI-assisted planning and data-driven government.