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Article

The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal

Amartya Sen · Journal of Political Economy, 78(1), 152–157 · 1970

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Type: Article
Author: Amartya Sen
Identifier: DOI 10.1086/259614
Accessed: 2026-09-01

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EstablishedThe Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem establishes that every non-dictatorial voting rule with at least three possible outcomes is manipulable: some voter can sometimes gain by misreporting preferences.EstablishedSen's 1970 'liberal paradox' shows that a minimal assignment of individual rights over personal matters can conflict with the weak Pareto principle.