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Security Analysis of the Estonian Internet Voting System

Drew Springall; Travis Finkenauer; Zakir Durumeric; Jason Kitcat; Harri Hursti; Margaret MacAlpine; J. Alex Halderman · Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS '14), ACM · 2014

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Type: Article
Author: Drew Springall; Travis Finkenauer; Zakir Durumeric; Jason Kitcat; Harri Hursti; Margaret MacAlpine; J. Alex Halderman
Identifier: DOI 10.1145/2660267.2660315
Accessed: 2026-09-01

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EstablishedEstonia introduced binding Internet voting in the October 2005 local elections (9,317 i-voters, 1.9% of participating voters) and used it in the 2007 parliamentary elections (30,275 i-voters, 5.5%). Researchers describe it as the first country to offer Internet voting nationally.DisputedThe system's security is disputed: a 2014 peer-reviewed analysis found serious architectural limitations and procedural gaps that could jeopardise election integrity, while Estonia's Internet Voting Committee maintains it is as reliable and secure as traditional voting.