Skip to content
Polity Atlas
01
Knowledge Atlas
02
Living Atlas
03
Explorer
04
Polity Lab
05
Observatory
Search or ask
/
EN
Sign in
Menu
Search or ask
01
Knowledge Atlas
Concepts
Mechanisms
Thinkers
Claims & evidence
Knowledge graph
Glossary
02
Living Atlas
World map
Network view
Catalogue
Featured case
Submit an experiment
03
Explorer
Governance Explorer
Side by side
04
Polity Lab
Start a design
Designer
Stress test
Charter
Institution repository
05
Observatory
Signals & research
Briefings
Scenarios
Research themes
Digest
Language
Dark theme
Sign in
Join
Knowledge Atlas
/
Sources
Web page
Subak (irrigation)
Wikipedia · 2026
Open publisher page ↗
Copy citation
BibTeX
Type
Web page
Accessed
2026-09-01
Reliability notes
Used for counts of subaks, the BIMAS chronology and land-conversion figures compiled from Indonesian studies.
Claims citing this source
2 claims
■
Established
Green Revolution policies from 1971 promoted continuous cropping that disrupted subak water scheduling; pest outbreaks followed in the 1970s and the government later returned cropping decisions to subaks.
■
Established
Conversion of irrigated land threatens subaks: around Denpasar the subak area fell from about 5,753 hectares in 1993 to about 2,444 hectares by 2018.
EN
English
Русский
Español
Français
Deutsch
Português
中文
日本語
العربية
हिन्दी