Subak (irrigation)
Subak (irrigation) (2026)2026 · Web page · Threats: land conversion (citing Norken 2019, p. 3)EstablishedSource attached · not independently reviewedCLM-0507 · as of 2026-10-27 · about: Bali subak irrigation system · Author: Polity Atlas editorial team
“Conversion of irrigated land threatens subaks: around Denpasar the subak area fell from about 5,753 hectares in 1993 to about 2,444 hectares by 2018.”
Context. Figures compiled from Indonesian studies, chiefly Norken (2019), MATEC Web of Conferences 276, 04002 (doi:10.1051/matecconf/201927604002).
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