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Article

Xinfang: An Alternative to Formal Chinese Legal Institutions

Carl F. Minzner · Stanford Journal of International Law 42, 103–179 · 2006

Type: Article
Author: Carl F. Minzner

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EstablishedHuman Rights Watch documented in 2009 that petitioners in China were held in secret, unlawful detention facilities ('black jails'), often in hotels, nursing homes and psychiatric hospitals, where detainees reported abuse; the government denied that such facilities exist.