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Article

Lessons from the Kibbutz on the Equality-Incentives Trade-off

Ran Abramitzky · Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(1), pp. 185-208 · 2011

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Type: Article
Author: Ran Abramitzky
Accessed: 2026-09-01

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EstablishedDegania, on the Sea of Galilee, is generally regarded as the first kibbutz; sources date it to 1909 (a trial farm at Umm Juni) or 1910 (the Hadera Commune that settled in October and made it permanent).EstablishedTraditional kibbutzim practised equal sharing of income, no private property, a noncash economy, communal dining halls, communal production and no use of hired outside labour; a general assembly of members decided policy.