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Article

Lessons from the Kibbutz on the Equality–Incentives Trade-off

Ran Abramitzky · Journal of Economic Perspectives 25(1), 185-208 · 2011

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Type: Article
Author: Ran Abramitzky
Identifier: DOI 10.1257/jep.25.1.185
Accessed: 2026-09-01
Reliability notes: Author's copy: https://ranabr.people.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj26066/files/media/file/abramitzky_jep.pdf

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EstablishedKibbutz population grew until about 1990 and then declined, falling from over 5 per cent of Israel's Jewish population in 1952 to under 2.5 per cent in 2000; most kibbutzim raised children in communal children's houses from the 1920s to the 1970s, and a University of Haifa survey found 188 kibbutzim had adopted the 'renewing' model with differential pay.