A communal settlement in Israel, traditionally with shared property and income, communal dining and decisions by a general assembly. The first, Degania, dates from 1909-10; many kibbutzim have since adopted differential, market-based pay.
In more detail
Traditional kibbutzim practised equal sharing of income, no private property, a noncash economy, communal production and no hired outside labour. After the 1985 debt crisis most introduced reforms; between 1995 and 2011 more than 75% of 248 nonreligious kibbutzim adopted safety-net budgets with differential pay, which some observers regard as barely recognisable as kibbutzim. Unlike a worker cooperative, the whole community life was collective, not only work.