Mancur Olson's term for the stake a ruler or group has in the total output of a society: the larger its share of the gains and losses, the more it is motivated to promote overall productivity rather than merely to redistribute.
In more detail
A stationary bandit who taxes a territory over time has an encompassing interest in its prosperity, unlike a roving bandit. A ruling majority that also earns market income has a still more encompassing interest, which, Olson and McGuire argued, leads it to tax less distortionarily and provide more public goods. Narrow interest groups, by contrast, bear little of the cost of their demands and seek a larger share of output instead of a larger output.