A term with two unrelated senses: Murray Bookchin's programme of confederated, directly democratic municipal assemblies; and, in South Asia, politics organised around religious community identity.
In more detail
Bookchin developed libertarian municipalism and later called the programme Communalism, an influence on Öcalan's democratic confederalism. In South Asian usage the word usually denotes conflict or political mobilisation between religious communities. Gyanendra Pandey argued that the category was constructed in colonial India. Check which sense a source intends.