How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Residents submit and support proposals; the city council keeps final authority. | A stratified random sample of 523 voters deliberated in moderated groups and plenaries and answered questionnaires before and after; no decisions were taken.Sortition / citizens' assembly | Unknown | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Unknown | Balanced briefing materials, trained neutral moderators and competing experts structured disagreement. | Unknown | |
| How are public goods funded? | City budget, part of which can be allocated through participatory processes.Participatory budgeting | Privately funded; produced published results, media coverage and a peer-reviewed study. | Unknown | |
| How is AI used? | No documented AI role. | No AI role. | Unknown | |
| What are the main risks? | Low or unrepresentative participation; proposals without binding effect. | Self-selection into attendance; artificial setting; analysis by the method's designers; no institutional uptake. | Unknown |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.