How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | + Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Mandatory referendum on constitutional changes; 50,000 signatures in 100 days force a vote on a law; 100,000 in 18 months put an initiative on the ballot. | A 28-member General Council (half elected by parish, half by national list) elects the head of government; the co-princes sanction laws with countersignature. | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Parliament may add a counter-proposal; initiatives and constitutional votes need a double majority of voters and cantons. | A four-member Constitutional Tribunal appointed by the co-princes and the General Council; ordinary courts. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Voters decide on federal taxes, social insurance, treaties and many other measures. | Health, education and infrastructure funded by indirect, corporate and personal taxes; parishes run local services. | |
| How is AI used? | No documented AI role. | No specific role for AI. | |
| What are the main risks? | Participation around half of voters, unequal campaign resources, past exclusion of women, and tension between initiatives and other legal commitments. | Clash between the episcopal co-prince and legislation such as abortion; exclusion of non-citizens; dependence on France, Spain and the EU. |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.