“In 1627 the Hornachero Moriscos in the Bou Regreg kasbah proclaimed their independence and governed through an annually elected governor (caïd) and a sixteen-member divan; under an agreement of May 1630 the Andalusian Moriscos elected a caïd of their own and named half of the divan.”

Context. Details of offices come mainly from European observers such as Father Pierre Dan. Maziane dates the republic proper to 1627–1640 (para. 11); the Dila lodge then dominated the estuary until the Alaouite takeover of the 1660s.