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Mal-taming: The judgment of the Court of Justice in the case Commission v Malta (citizenship by investment) and its effects on Austrian laws

Binder Grösswang · 2025

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2026-09-01

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EstablishedIn Case C-181/23 (29 April 2025), the Court of Justice of the EU held that Malta breached Article 20 TFEU and Article 4(3) TEU by operating a naturalisation scheme under which nationality was essentially granted in exchange for predetermined payments or investments, amounting to the commercialisation of member-state nationality.