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Article

The effects of negotiation democracy: A comparative analysis

Klaus Armingeon · European Journal of Political Research 41(1), 81–105 · 2002

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Type: Article
Author: Klaus Armingeon
Identifier: DOI 10.1111/1475-6765.00004
Accessed: 2026-09-01

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TheoryLijphart mapped democracies on two dimensions, executives–parties and federal–unitary, and argued that consensus democracies are 'kinder, gentler' democracies than majoritarian ones; the second edition (2012) examines 36 democracies from 1945 to 2010.DisputedUsing data on 22 OECD countries from 1971 to 1996, Armingeon found that consensus democracy is not a 'kinder, gentler' democracy, though not worse than majoritarian democracy, and that corporatism rather than consensus institutions reduced unemployment and inflation.