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External impacts on traditional commons and present-day changes: a case study of iriai forests in Yamaguni district, Kyoto, Japan

Daisaku Shimada · International Journal of the Commons, 8(1), 207–235 · 2014

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Type
Article
Author
Daisaku Shimada
Identifier
DOI 10.18352/ijc.348
Accessed
2026-09-01

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EstablishedShimada's study of eleven villages in Yamaguni district found that iriai institutions adapted to newcomers but could not cope alone with low-priced timber imports; customary commons were about 4.56 per cent of Japan's forest area in 1990.