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Sources
Book
■
Primary source
Considerations on Representative Government
John Stuart Mill · 1861
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Type
Book
Author
John Stuart Mill
Accessed
2026-09-01
Reliability notes
URL is chapter 8, 'Of the Extension of the Suffrage'.
Claims citing this source
4 claims
◆
Theory
Comparative analysis finds that proportional systems with small district magnitudes, a category that includes Irish-style STV, can combine reasonably proportional outcomes with limited party fragmentation and local accountability.
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Established
Mill proposed that all should vote but that individual mental superiority could justify more than one vote, tested directly by a national examination if one existed and otherwise by occupation, professional status, university degrees or certificates. He said he did not wish to be bound by his particular proposals.
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Established
Mill rejected plural votes based on property except as a temporary makeshift, and held that plural voting must never let its beneficiaries outweigh all the rest of the community.
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Established
From 1893 to 1919 Belgium combined universal male suffrage with plural voting: up to two extra votes for some owners, fathers and holders of university or secondary-school certificates. This differed from Mill's scheme, which excluded property as a basis.
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