Article

Field experiment estimate of electoral fraud in Russian parliamentary elections

Ruben Enikolopov; Vasily Korovkin; Maria Petrova; Konstantin Sonin; Alexei Zakharov · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(2), 448–452 · 2013

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Type: Article
Author: Ruben Enikolopov; Vasily Korovkin; Maria Petrova; Konstantin Sonin; Alexei Zakharov
Identifier: DOI 10.1073/pnas.1206770110
Accessed: 2026-09-01
Reliability notes: Published online 24 December 2012.

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EstablishedA field experiment that randomly assigned observers to 156 Moscow polling stations estimated United Russia's true share in the December 2011 Duma election at about 36 percent, at least 11 percentage points below the official 47 percent.