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Article

Collectivisations in Catalonia and the Region of Valencia during the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939

Albert Balcells · Catalan Historical Review, 10 (Institut d'Estudis Catalans) · 2017

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Type: Article
Author: Albert Balcells
Identifier: DOI 10.2436/20.1000.01.133
Accessed: 2026-09-01

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EstablishedThe Generalitat's decree of 24 October 1936 compulsorily collectivised firms with over 100 workers and abandoned firms under elected company councils, allowed 50-100 worker firms to collectivise by two-thirds vote, and left smaller firms with owners under worker supervision.DisputedHistorians differ over how voluntary and productive the rural collectives were: Seidman finds participation was part spontaneous and part coerced and that internal divisions compounded war and political hostility; Balcells cautions that propagandists on both sides distorted the record.EstablishedCollectivisation covered a minority of Republican-zone land (Seidman cites 18.5%), and Catalan industrial output fell from 100 in early 1936 to 70 by February 1937 and 55 by April 1938, amid war conversion, shortages and inflation, so collectivisation's own effect is hard to isolate.