AI-assisted arbitration

AI systems help resolve disputes: triaging claims, summarising evidence, suggesting outcomes or, in some proposals, issuing decisions that humans can appeal.

Proponents expect faster, cheaper justice for small claims. Due-process scholarship insists on a reasoned decision, an accountable decision-maker and a meaningful appeal to a human.

• China established internet courts, starting in Hangzhou in 2017, which use automated tools for online cases.
• Online dispute resolution on e-commerce platforms handles very large volumes of small claims.
• Reports in 2019 of an Estonian 'robot judge' were later denied by Estonia's Ministry of Justice.

Models can reproduce bias in training data, struggle with novel cases and make it hard to see why a decision was reached. The EU AI Act classes AI used to assist judicial decisions as high-risk.

AI is used as an assistant in dispute processes; binding AI-only adjudication with public authority is not documented in the atlas.