01 · Knowledge Atlas
Switch to graph viewAn encyclopedia of social systems
Theories, political philosophies, economic models, institution types and forms of self-government — each idea traced through theory, real examples, critique and results.
All entries · A–Z
- Single transferable vote (STV)MechanismA proportional method for multi-member districts: voters rank candidates, those reaching a quota win, and surplus or eliminated votes transfer. Constitutionally required for Ireland's Dáil; used for the Australian Senate.
- Sociocracy (consent decision-making)MechanismAn organisational governance method in which nested circles set policy by consent, adopting a proposal when no member has a reasoned paramount objection, with double links between circles. Developed by Gerard Endenburg from the 1970s, building on Kees Boeke; Holacracy is a commercial derivative.
- Sortition / citizens' assemblyMechanismA body of citizens selected by lot, usually stratified to reflect the population, who learn, deliberate and recommend.
- Sovereign wealth fund dividendMechanismPaying part of the returns of a publicly owned investment fund directly to residents as a dividend.
- Sunset clausesMechanismProvisions that make a law, power or agency expire on a set date unless actively renewed, reversing legislative inertia. Used for emergency powers (USA PATRIOT Act, UK Coronavirus Act 2020), agency reviews (Colorado, 1976) and secondary legislation; effective only when paired with real review.