Bhutan's policy philosophy, credited to King Jigme Singye Wangchuck in 1972, that development should promote collective well-being across several domains and not economic output alone.
In more detail
Article 9 of Bhutan's 2008 Constitution commits the State to promote conditions for the pursuit of GNH. The GNH Index measures sufficiency on 33 indicators in nine domains, from psychological well-being and health to governance, ecology and living standards; its value was 0.743 in 2010, 0.756 in 2015 and 0.781 in 2022. Critics question how far GNH shapes decisions and note the 1990s expulsion of Lhotshampas.