How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | The Storting sets the legal framework; the Ministry of Finance issues the mandate; Norges Bank's Executive Board delegates management to NBIM. Exclusions are decided by Norges Bank on the Council on Ethics' recommendations. | Kings of small kingdoms (túatha) under over-kings; assemblies (óenach); customary law expounded by hereditary jurists rather than legislated. | A stratified random sample of 523 voters deliberated in moderated groups and plenaries and answered questionnaires before and after; no decisions were taken.Sortition / citizens' assembly | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Disputes are political and settled in the Storting's annual debate on the fund; companies can respond to the Council on Ethics before exclusion. | Brehon judges; sureties (naidm, ráth, aitire); distraint of livestock; ritual fasting against higher-ranking defendants; body-fines and honour-price compensation.Arbitration | Balanced briefing materials, trained neutral moderators and competing experts structured disagreement. | |
| How are public goods funded? | The expected real return (3% since 2017) finances part of the non-oil budget deficit and hence Norway's welfare state. | Rules on shared grazing, co-operative ploughing, mills and fencing; obligatory hospitality; churches and monasteries; few public works. | Privately funded; produced published results, media coverage and a peer-reviewed study. | |
| How is AI used? | Not a feature of the governance arrangement described here. | None; a medieval legal order. | No AI role. | |
| What are the main risks? | Pressure to spend more than the rule allows, concentration in global equity markets, dependence on continued trust in institutions, and tension between the fund's ethical role and oil production. | Status-graded and unequal protection, unfree labour, endemic raiding and dynastic war, and vulnerability to a centralising conqueror.CLM-0385 | Self-selection into attendance; artificial setting; analysis by the method's designers; no institutional uptake. |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.