How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | + Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Ayatollah Khomeini as Leader, an elected president, a prime minister and the Majlis, with the Guardian Council vetting laws; revolutionary bodies alongside the state. | A stratified random sample of 523 voters deliberated in moderated groups and plenaries and answered questionnaires before and after; no decisions were taken.Sortition / citizens' assembly | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Khomeini's arbitration, then the Expediency Council (1988); revolutionary courts for political cases. | Balanced briefing materials, trained neutral moderators and competing experts structured disagreement. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Nationalised banks and industries, rationing during the war, and a new rural development and primary health-care programme; bonyads ran charities and businesses. | Privately funded; produced published results, media coverage and a peer-reviewed study. | |
| How is AI used? | None. | No AI role. | |
| What are the main risks? | War, factional conflict between radicals and conservatives, dependence on one charismatic leader, and violent repression of opponents. | Self-selection into attendance; artificial setting; analysis by the method's designers; no institutional uptake. |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.