How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Advisory: randomly recruited citizens deliberate in small groups and answer surveys; the ministry and Executive Yuan decide on policy.Sortition / citizens' assembly | Unknown | A statutory authority (UIDAI) under the central government sets rules; ministries decide where Aadhaar is required; Parliament legislated in 2016 and 2019.Digital identity | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Facilitated small-group discussion with equal speaking time; disagreements are reported rather than forced to consensus. | Unknown | Grievance channels at UIDAI and service agencies; constitutional challenges in the Supreme Court, which ruled in 2017 and 2018. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Public reports on informed citizen preferences about AI, available to legislators, companies and other governments. | Unknown | A universal, low-cost proof of identity used for welfare transfers, financial inclusion and public services. | |
| How is AI used? | AI is the topic; automated moderation manages speaking turns and transcripts; an AI-assisted interactive report summarised 2023 online input. | Unknown | No AI in decision-making as such; automated biometric matching and deduplication decide authentication, and face authentication was added in 2018. | |
| What are the main risks? | No binding mandate, agenda set by the convening ministry, selective uptake of results and dependence on trust in government text messages.CLM-0537 | Unknown | Exclusion through authentication failures, data leaks, surveillance and profiling, weak independent oversight and function creep.CLM-0544 |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.