How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | + Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | 160 residents aged 16+, drawn by public lottery, set priorities and adopted recommendations by more than 50% of votes, then ranked them.Sortition / citizens' assembly | A statutory authority (UIDAI) under the central government sets rules; ministries decide where Aadhaar is required; Parliament legislated in 2016 and 2019.Digital identity | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Content-neutral moderation, a party-nominated scientific board and a stakeholder hearing; rival proposals were put to separate votes. | Grievance channels at UIDAI and service agencies; constitutional challenges in the Supreme Court, which ruled in 2017 and 2018. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Bundestag-funded with allowances of €100 per in-person day; recommendations carry fiscal implications such as free school lunches and an animal-welfare levy. | A universal, low-cost proof of identity used for welfare transfers, financial inclusion and public services. | |
| How is AI used? | No AI role. | No AI in decision-making as such; automated biometric matching and deduplication decide authentication, and face authentication was added in 2018. | |
| What are the main risks? | Association with one parliamentary majority; non-binding status; follow-up interrupted by the end of the electoral term. | Exclusion through authentication failures, data leaks, surveillance and profiling, weak independent oversight and function creep.CLM-0544 |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.