How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | The Juntas Generales and Diputaciones Forales of each territory set and collect taxes; a Joint Commission with the State agrees changes and the quota method unanimously. | Each listed body sets its own well-being objectives and steps; the Welsh Ministers publish national indicators and a future trends report after each election. | A stratified random sample of 523 voters deliberated in moderated groups and plenaries and answered questionnaires before and after; no decisions were taken.Sortition / citizens' assembly | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | A Junta Arbitral settles disputes over taxpayer residence and collection; Spanish courts and the EU Court of Justice review tax measures. | The Commissioner may review a body and recommend; the body must take reasonable steps to follow or publish reasons (s 22). The Auditor General examines application of the principle. | Balanced briefing materials, trained neutral moderators and competing experts structured disagreement. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Health, education, police and infrastructure funded by Basque taxes; the quota pays for State services such as defence and foreign affairs. | Covers the Welsh Ministers, local authorities, health boards, national park authorities and other listed bodies; public services boards plan locally. | Privately funded; produced published results, media coverage and a peer-reviewed study. | |
| How is AI used? | No specific role for AI. | No documented AI role. | No AI role. | |
| What are the main risks? | Disputes over quota valuation and solidarity; EU state-aid challenges; dependence on political bargaining in Madrid. | Soft 'follow or explain' enforcement; procedural compliance; difficulty measuring long-term and preventative benefits. | Self-selection into attendance; artificial setting; analysis by the method's designers; no institutional uptake. |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.