How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Seven sovereign provincial States; a States General with one vote per province and unanimity on war, peace and taxes; co-opting town councils; stadtholders and a Grand Pensionary. | Unknown | A stratified random sample of 523 voters deliberated in moderated groups and plenaries and answered questionnaires before and after; no decisions were taken.Sortition / citizens' assembly | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Provincial and town courts; negotiation in the States General; stadtholder arbitration and, in crises, force or crowd violence. | Unknown | Balanced briefing materials, trained neutral moderators and competing experts structured disagreement. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Defence and navy funded by provincial quotas (Holland over half), water boards for dykes and drainage, town poor relief, charitable foundations and schools. | Unknown | Privately funded; produced published results, media coverage and a peer-reviewed study. | |
| How is AI used? | None; an early-modern polity. | Unknown | No AI role. | |
| What are the main risks? | Paralysis from unanimity, regent oligarchy, recurring conflict between Holland and the stadtholder, colonial violence, and foreign invasion.CLM-0377 | Unknown | Self-selection into attendance; artificial setting; analysis by the method's designers; no institutional uptake. |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.