How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Councils or diets of member-state delegates, often by unanimity or qualified majority. | Kings of small kingdoms (túatha) under over-kings; assemblies (óenach); customary law expounded by hereditary jurists rather than legislated. | Unknown | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Negotiation among members; arbitration or joint courts in more developed unions. | Brehon judges; sureties (naidm, ráth, aitire); distraint of livestock; ritual fasting against higher-ranking defendants; body-fines and honour-price compensation.Arbitration | Unknown | |
| How are public goods funded? | Common defence and diplomacy funded by members' contributions rather than direct taxation. | Rules on shared grazing, co-operative ploughing, mills and fencing; obligatory hospitality; churches and monasteries; few public works. | Unknown | |
| How is AI used? | No inherent AI role. | None; a medieval legal order. | Unknown | |
| What are the main risks? | Free-riding on contributions, veto paralysis, dominance by large members and dissolution. | Status-graded and unequal protection, unfree labour, endemic raiding and dynastic war, and vulnerability to a centralising conqueror.CLM-0385 | Unknown |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.