How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Councils or diets of member-state delegates, often by unanimity or qualified majority. | Unknown | A stratified random sample of 523 voters deliberated in moderated groups and plenaries and answered questionnaires before and after; no decisions were taken.Sortition / citizens' assembly | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Negotiation among members; arbitration or joint courts in more developed unions. | Unknown | Balanced briefing materials, trained neutral moderators and competing experts structured disagreement. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Common defence and diplomacy funded by members' contributions rather than direct taxation. | Unknown | Privately funded; produced published results, media coverage and a peer-reviewed study. | |
| How is AI used? | No inherent AI role. | Unknown | No AI role. | |
| What are the main risks? | Free-riding on contributions, veto paralysis, dominance by large members and dissolution. | Unknown | Self-selection into attendance; artificial setting; analysis by the method's designers; no institutional uptake. |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.