How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | + Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Company councils elected by workers' assemblies, general industry councils, an Economic Council of Catalonia, and in Aragon a Defence Council. | Kings of small kingdoms (túatha) under over-kings; assemblies (óenach); customary law expounded by hereditary jurists rather than legislated. | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Disputes among unions, parties and the Generalitat were settled politically and, in May 1937 in Barcelona, by armed clashes. | Brehon judges; sureties (naidm, ráth, aitire); distraint of livestock; ritual fasting against higher-ranking defendants; body-fines and honour-price compensation.Arbitration | |
| How are public goods funded? | Collectivised firms ran under union and council management; the Generalitat lowered the working week to 40 hours and ordered a 15% rise for low salaries. | Rules on shared grazing, co-operative ploughing, mills and fencing; obligatory hospitality; churches and monasteries; few public works. | |
| How is AI used? | No documented AI role. | None; a medieval legal order. | |
| What are the main risks? | Civil war and shortages; conflict between unions and parties; coercion in some rural collectives; loss of worker management through state intervention after 1937.CLM-0159 | Status-graded and unequal protection, unfree labour, endemic raiding and dynastic war, and vulnerability to a centralising conqueror.CLM-0385 |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.