How each model solves the same problems
Instead of “democracy versus anarchism”, compare the concrete ways collective problems get solved.
| Question | + Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| How are decisions made? | Mandatory referendum on constitutional changes; 50,000 signatures in 100 days force a vote on a law; 100,000 in 18 months put an initiative on the ballot. | Each listed body sets its own well-being objectives and steps; the Welsh Ministers publish national indicators and a future trends report after each election. | |
| How are conflicts resolved? | Parliament may add a counter-proposal; initiatives and constitutional votes need a double majority of voters and cantons. | The Commissioner may review a body and recommend; the body must take reasonable steps to follow or publish reasons (s 22). The Auditor General examines application of the principle. | |
| How are public goods funded? | Voters decide on federal taxes, social insurance, treaties and many other measures. | Covers the Welsh Ministers, local authorities, health boards, national park authorities and other listed bodies; public services boards plan locally. | |
| How is AI used? | No documented AI role. | No documented AI role. | |
| What are the main risks? | Participation around half of voters, unequal campaign resources, past exclusion of women, and tension between initiatives and other legal commitments. | Soft 'follow or explain' enforcement; procedural compliance; difficulty measuring long-term and preventative benefits. |
This illustrates differences in design; it is not a universal claim about outcomes. Each cell links to mechanisms and the claims behind them.