Voting behaviour and power in online democracy: a study of LiquidFeedback in Germany's Pirate Party
Christoph Carl Kling,Jérôme Kunegis,Heinrich Hartmann,Markus Strohmaier,Steffen Staab — Voting behaviour and power in online democracy: a study of LiquidFeedback in Germany's Pirate Party (2015)Christoph Carl Kling; Jérôme Kunegis; Heinrich Hartmann; Markus Strohmaier; Steffen Staab · 2015 · Article · Results: power of super-votersEstablishedSource attached · not independently reviewedCLM-0833 · as of 2026-10-27 · about: Liquid democracy · Author: Polity Atlas editorial team
“In the German Pirate Party's LiquidFeedback data (499,009 votes on 6,517 initiatives, 2010-2013), removing delegations would have left 84.9% of outcomes unchanged; powerful delegates used their potential to reverse results in only about one in three cases.”
Context. The authors warn that this restraint need not be stable over time.
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