Polity Atlas
EstablishedSource attached · not independently reviewedCLM-0259 · as of 2026-10-23 · about: Robert Michels · Author: Polity Atlas editorial team

“Michels (1876–1936) formulated the 'iron law of oligarchy' in Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der modernen Demokratie (1911), and held posts at the universities of Turin, Basel and Perugia.”

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